Revisión de la conducta quirúrgica del linfangioma quístico / Review of cystic lymphangioma´s surgical behavior

Introducción: El linfangioma quístico es un tumor benigno infrecuente del sistema linfático que afecta habitualmente a los infantes. La opción terapéutica ideal es la extirpación quirúrgica. Objetivo: Sistematizar contenidos esenciales relacionados con el diagnóstico y tratamiento del linfangioma quístico. Métodos: Se realizó la búsqueda y el análisis de la información en un período de 10 años (2010-2020). Se emplearon las palabras clave: "linfangioma quístico" y "malformación linfática congénita quística", en español e inglés. Se hizo la revisión bibliográfica en un total de 62 artículos publicados en las bases de datos y bibliotecas electrónicas científicas de la salud: PubMed, Google Académico, Pubmed, Medline, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, LILACS y SciELO, mediante el gestor de búsqueda y administrador de referencias EndNote; de ellos se seleccionaron 50 relevantes para el objetivo de la revisión. Resultados: La información se estructuró en los siguientes aspectos: sinonimia y antecedentes históricos, epidemiología, clasificación, patogenia, bases esenciales para el diagnóstico, tratamiento, complicaciones y pronóstico. Se identificaron controversias en cuanto a la terapéutica, y se mostraron las imágenes de los infantes diagnosticados y tratados por la autora en su colaboración médica en Angola en 2018. Conclusiones: Se sistematizan las bases esenciales para el diagnóstico y tratamiento del linfangioma quístico para que el cirujano general que, en su desempeño profesional, brinda asistencia médico quirúrgica a infantes fuera de Cuba, se empodere de las especificidades de este tumor linfático. También se revela como factible su resección quirúrgica íntegra para evitar recidivas, discapacidad y mejorar la calidad de vida del afectado(AU)

Introduction: Cystic lymphangioma is a rare benign tumor of the lymphatic system that usually affects infants. The ideal therapeutic option is surgical removal. Objective: Systematize essential contents related to the diagnosis and treatment of cystic lymphangioma. Methods: The search and analysis of information was carried out over a period of 10 years (2010-2020). The keywords "cystic lymphangioma" and "cystic congenital lymphatic malformation" were used in Spanish and English. The bibliographical review was carried out in a total of 62 articles published in the databases and electronic scientific health libraries: PubMed, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Medline, Virtual Library in Health, LILACS and SciELO, through the search and reference manager called EndNote; of these, 50 that were important to the objective of the review were selected. Results: The information was structured in the following aspects: synonym and historical backgrounds, epidemiology, classification, pathogenesis, essential bases for diagnosis, treatment, complications and prognosis. Therapeutic disputes were identified, and images of infants diagnosed and treated by the author in her medical collaboration in Angola in 2018 were shown. Conclusions: The essential bases for the diagnosis and treatment of cystic lymphangioma are systematized, so that the general surgeon who, in his-her professional performance, provides surgical medical assistance to infants outside Cuba is informed on the specificities of this lymphatic tumor. Its full surgical resection is also revealed as feasible to prevent recurrence, disability and to improve the quality of life of the affected person(AU)

Linfangioma quístico de recto-sigmoides en un hospital público de Lima, Perú: reporte de caso / Cystic lymphangioma of the rectum-sigmoid in a public hospital in Lima-Peru: case report

RESUMEN Los linfangiomas son lesiones benignas que se deben a una malformación del desarrollo en el sistema linfático que ocurre durante la etapa embrionaria. Son más frecuentes en niños. Pueden encontrarse en cavidad abdominal, siendo la afectación del tracto gastrointestinal en forma ocasional. La presentación clínica es variada, dependiendo de la localización de los linfangiomas, pudiendo tener formas asintomáticas y, en ocasiones, presentarse con dolor abdominal, alteraciones del hábito defecatorio, rectorragia, etc. El diagnóstico se realiza por endoscopía, imágenes auxiliares y se confirma por medio de histología. Presentamos un caso de linfangioma quístico de recto-sigmoides que tuvimos en nuestro hospital; la paciente se presentó con proctalgia, alternancia evacuatoria y rectorragia intermitente. Examen físico sin alteraciones significativas. Durante la colonoscopía, a nivel de recto y sigmoides, se encontró múltiples lesiones protruidas, a modo de protuberancias, cuya superficie era lisa, trasluciente y de coloración azulada, con algunos orificios pseudodiverticulares, a predominio de recto. En la ultrasonografía endoscópica se observó, a nivel del recto, engrosamiento de la submucosa con múltiples imágenes anecoicas, microquísticas, algunas de ellas con tabiques finos. El diagnóstico definitivo se realizó mediante histopatología, que describe conductos linfáticos dilatados, rodeados de células endoteliales, hallazgos consistentes con linfangioma quístico de recto-sigmoides.

ABSTRACT Lymphangiomas are benign lesions due to a developmental malformation in the lymphatic system that occurs during the embryonic stage. They are more frequent in children. They can be found in the abdominal cavity, being the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract occasionally. The clinical presentation is varied, depending on the location of the lymphangiomas, and may have asymptomatic forms and, occasionally, present with abdominal pain, changes in defecation, rectal bleeding, etc. The diagnosis is made by endoscopy, auxiliary images and is confirmed by histology. We present a case of cystic rectal-sigmoid lymphangioma that we had in our hospital; the patient presented with proctalgia, alternating evacuation and intermittent rectal bleeding. Physical examination was without significant alterations. During the colonoscopy, at the level of the rectum and sigmoids, multiple protruded lesions were found, whose surface was smooth, translucent and bluish in color, with some pseudodiverticular holes, predominantly of the rectum. Endoscopic ultrasound revealed thickening of the submucosa at the level of the rectum with multiple anechoic, microcystic images, some of them with fine septa. The definitive diagnosis was made by histopathology, which describes dilated lymphatic ducts, surrounded by endothelial cells, findings consistent with cystic rectal-sigmoid lymphangioma.

Cystic lesion of pectoralis minor muscle: learning from mistakes

Hydatidosis is a frequent infestation in large endemic areas, caused by helminths. Primary localization within the muscle or bone tissues is rare. We report the case of a 52-year-old woman with a cystic lesion located in the right pectoralis minor muscle, who was initially diagnosed with cystic lymphangioma by imaging examination. She was submitted for surgical treatment; in block resection of the tumor along with the involved muscle was performed. The histopathological diagnosis was of hydatid cyst. The contribution of the ancillary lab tests is analyzed for a precise preoperative diagnostic approach. This case well illustrates that the most likely is not always what it appears to be. Facing of a cystic lesion in the lungs, liver or muscle, clinicians should always think on hydatid disease, particularly in endemic areas.

Higroma quístico. presentación de un caso en Guyana / Higroma cístico. apresentação de um caso na Guiana / Cystic lymphangioma. case report in Guyana

Se presentó el caso de un neonato en el Hospital Regional Suddie, de Guyana, con tumoración de cuello, diagnosticado como higroma quístico, malformación no frecuente y cuyo diagnóstico se realiza al principio del embarazo por ecografía prenatal con evaluación de la región de la nuca del feto. La ampliación excesiva o aumento de la translucencia nucal puede estar relacionado con un higroma quístico. Las malformaciones congénitas son defectos estructurales presentes al nacimiento ocasionadas por un trastorno prenatal durante la morfogénesis. La ecografía prenatal realizada en el primer y segundo trimestre del embarazo por personal capacitado es un medio diagnóstico económico y no invasivo que permite el diagnóstico precoz y tomar conducta temprano en países de pocos recursos(AU)

The case of a neonate in Regional Hospital Suddie of Guyana with neck tumor, was presented and diagnosed as cystic lymphangioma, rare malformation and whose diagnosis is made early in pregnancy by prenatal ultrasound evaluation of the region of the neck of the fetus. Excessive expansion or increased translucency in the hindhead may be related to a cystic lymphangioma. Congenital malformations are structural defects present at birth caused by a prenatal disorder during morphogenesis. Prenatal ultrasound performed in the first and second trimester of pregnancy by trained personnel is an average economic diagnosis and non-invasive allowing early diagnosis and taking behavior early in resource-poor countries(AU)

O caso de um neonato em Hospital Regional Suddie na Guiana foi apresentado com um tumor no pescoço, diagnosticado como higroma cístico, malformação freqüente e cujo diagnóstico é feito no início da gestação por ultrassonografia pré-natal com avaliação da região da nuca do feto. O aumento excessivo ou aumento da translucência nucal pode estar relacionado a um higroma cístico. Malformações congênitas são defeitos estruturais presentes no nascimento causados por um distúrbio pré-natal durante a morfogênese. A ultrassonografia pré-natal realizada no primeiro e segundo trimestres da gravidez por pessoal treinado é um meio de diagnóstico barato e não invasivo que permite o diagnóstico precoce e a conduta precoce em países com poucos recursos(AU)

Linfangioma mediastinal fetal: a propósito de un caso / Fetal mediastinal lymphangioma: case report

Se presenta el seguimiento y control de un caso clínico de diagnóstico prenatal, a las 26 semanas de gestación, de una masa multiquística mediastinal fetal. Luego del nacimiento y tras el tratamiento quirúrgico, el estudio anatomopatológico reveló una masa formada por tejido conectivo con proliferación de vasos linfáticos compatible con linfangioma.

Bursite cotovelar aguda em filhote: Relato De Caso / Elbow acute bursitis in a puppy: Case Report / Bursitis aguda de codo en cachorro de perro: Relato De Caso

Bursite cotovelar é uma cavidade preenchida por fluido, circundada por tecido conjuntivo fibroso denso, que surge na face lateral do olécrano. Normalmente, essa condição clínica é causada por traumatismo crônico. Relata-se um caso de bursite cotovelar aguda bilateral em um cão da raça dálmata, macho, de 35 dias de idade. Clinicamente, o animal apresentava aumento de volume flutuante e indolor, na região do olécrano, bilateral, de um dia de evolução. Na punção aspirativa foi observado um líquido de aspecto seroso e vermelho, e no exame citológico apenas leucócitos e hemácias. Devido ao histórico e tempo de evolução, o diagnóstico presuntivo foi de bursite cotovelar traumática aguda. O tratamento preconizado foi à base de anti-inflamatório, tratamento tópico, bandagem ao redor da lesão e repouso. O cão retornou com sete dias totalmente recuperado. Apesar da bursite em pequenos animais ocorrer devido a traumas repetidos, apresentando uma característica de cronicidade, a bursite pode ser aguda e se originar de um único trauma...

Elbow bursitis is a cavity filled with fluid and surrounded by dense fibrous connective tissue, which appears on the lateral side of the olecranon. Typically, this medical condition is caused by chronic trauma. This paper reports a case of bilateral acute bursitis in the elbow in a Dalmatian dog, male, with 35 days of age. Clinically, the animal presented painless swelling of the floating volume in the olecranon region, bilateral, with a one-day evolution. In aspiration, serous red fluid could be observed, and upon cytological examination, only leukocytes and erythrocytes were observed. Due to the history and evolution time, the presumptive diagnosis was that of acute traumatic bursitis in the elbow. The treatment was based on anti-inflammatory medication, topical treatment, bandage around the lesion and rest. The dog returned after 7 days fully recovered. Although bursitis occurs in small animals due to repeated trauma, presenting a chronicity characteristic, it can also be acute and originated from a single trauma...

La bursitis de codo es una cavidad llena de fluido y rodeada por tejido conectivo fibroso denso, que surge en el lado lateral del olécranon. Por lo general, esa condición clínica es causada por un trauma crónico. Se presenta un caso de bursitis aguda bilateral en el codo de un perro de la raza dálmata, macho, de 35 días de edad. Clínicamente, el animal presentaba aumento de volumen flotante y sin dolor, en la región del olécranon, bilateral, un día de evolución. En una aspiración se ha observado un líquido de aspecto seroso y rojo, y en el examen citológico sólo leucocitos y eritrocitos. Debido al histórico y tiempo de evolución, el diagnóstico presuntivo fue bursitis de codo traumática aguda. El tratamiento preconizado fue a base de antiinflamatorio, tratamiento tópico, vendaje alrededor de la lesión y reposo. El perro volvió con siete días totalmente recuperado. Aunque la bursitis se produce en animales pequeños debido a traumas repetidos, presentando una característica de cronicidad, la bursitis puede ser aguda y originarse a partir de un único trauma...

Mesenteric cystic lymphangioma complicated by intestinal volvulus: a case report

Intestinal volvulus is an abdominal pathology which can affect the pediatric age group and may lead to catastrophic intestinal loss. The most common cause is malrotation but other etiologies are also reported. We report a case of intestinal volvulus in which the initial cause was mesenteric cystic lymphangioma

Le lymphangiome cervico-facial congenital de l'enfant au chu de conakry : analyse de trois cas

Le lymphangiome kystique est une tumeur vasculaire; benigne; rare; d'origine lymphatique. La forme principale est representee par le lymphangiome cervico-facial congenital de l'enfant. Sa pathogenese est inconnue. Cette malformation congenitale du systeme lymphatique est composee de formations kystiques developpees a partir d'endothelium lymphatique et remplies de lymphe et de sang. L'atteinte des voies aerodigestives superieures (VaDS) peut conduire a des complications graves; mettant en jeu le pronostic vital. nous presentons trois observations de lymphangiomes kystiques de diagnostic post natal. Le traitement etait chirurgical dans tous les cas consistant en exerese complete de la tumeur et le diagnostic confirme par l'examen histopathologique de la piece operatoire. apres un recul d'au moins 12 mois; aucune recidive locale n'a ete observee cependant la surveillance reste de mise

Anestesia para tratamento intraparto extraútero (EXIT) em fetos com diagnóstico pré-natal de malformações cervical e oral: relato de casos / Anesthesia for ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT procedure) in fetus with prenatal diagnosis of oral and cervical malformations: case reports / Anestesia para el tratamiento intraparto extraútero (EXIT) en fetos con diagnóstico prenatal de malformaciones cervical y oral: relato de casos

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O feto com diagnóstico pré-natal de massa cervical, ou qualquer outra doença que obstrua as vias aéreas, não deve ser abordado de forma convencional por apresentar dois desafios ao médico assistente logo após o parto: o tempo limitado para se estabelecer o acesso a vias aéreas potencialmente difíceis e a ausência de anestesia do neonato caso seja necessária instrumentação das vias aéreas. O procedimento EXIT (ex utero intrapartum treatment - EXIT procedure) consiste em manter a circulação fetoplacentária durante a cesariana até que as vias aéreas do feto estejam asseguradas. RELATO DOS CASOS: Mulher de 37 anos, G3P2, 38 semanas de gestação, apresentando polidrâmnio e feto com grande massa cervical diagnosticada por ultrassonografia pré-natal. A cesariana foi realizada com procedimento EXIT para possibilitar o acesso seguro das vias aéreas. Após a histerotomia, o feto foi intubado sob laringoscopia direta. O concepto foi transferido imediatamente para outra sala de cirurgia, onde foi realizada a ressecção do tumor cervical e a traqueostomia, ambos com sucesso. Mulher de 27 anos, G3P1A1, idade gestacional de 32 semanas, cujo feto tinha diagnóstico pré-natal de grande tumor em região oral. O tumor obstruía as vias aéreas do feto e foi programada traqueostomia com técnica EXIT, no entanto, foi possível intubar o recém-nascido sob laringoscopia direta, sendo então submetido à ressecção do tumor e encaminhado à UTI neonatal. CONCLUSÕES: Os relatos descrevem o uso bem sucedido de anestesia geral com isoflurano para a realização de cesariana seguida de procedimento EXIT em fetos com tumores obstruindo as vias aéreas.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Fetus prenatally diagnosed with neck tumors, or with any other disease that obstructs the airways, should not be treated conventionally, as the assistant physician has to face two challenges right after the infant's delivery: the limited time to establish the access to the potentially difficult airways and the lack of anesthesia of the neonate in case of instrumentation of the airways. The ex utero intrapartum treatment, i.e., the EXIT procedure consists of maintaining the fetoplacental circulation during the cesarean section, until the airways of the fetus be secured. CASE REPORTS: Female patient, 37 years old, G3P2, 38 weeks pregnant, having polyhydramnios and fetus diagnosed with large cervical masses by prenatal ultrasound. A cesarean section was performed using the EXIT procedure to enable safe access to the infant's airways. After hysterotomy, the fetus was intubated by direct laryngoscopy. The neonate was immediately transferred to another operating room, where cervical tumor resection of the neck tumor and tracheostomy were successfully performed. Female patient, 27 years old, G3P1A1, 32 weeks pregnant, whose fetus was prenatally diagnosed with a large oral tumor. As the tumor obstructed the fetus' airways, a tracheostomy was performed when the fetus underwent EXIT procedure. It was then possible to use direct laryngoscopy for neonate intubation. The fetus underwent tumor resection and was sent to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. CONCLUSIONS: Reports describe the successful use of general anesthesia with isoflurane for cesarean delivery followed by the EXIT procedure in fetus diagnosed with tumors obstructing the airways.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El feto con diagnóstico prenatal de masa cervical, o cualquier otra enfermedad que obstruya las vías aéreas, no debe ser abordado de forma convencional por presentar dos retos para el médico asistente inmediatamente después del parto: a) el tiempo limitado para establecer el acceso a las vías aéreas potencialmente difíciles y b) la ausencia de anestesia del neonato en el caso de que sea necesaria la instrumentación de las vías aéreas. El procedimiento EXIT (ex utero intrapartum treatment - EXIT procedure), consiste en mantener la circulación feto-placentaria durante la cesárea hasta que las vías aéreas del feto estén aseguradas. RELATO DE LOS CASOS: Mujer de 37 años, G3P2, 38 semanas de embarazo, presentando un polihidramnios y feto con gran masa cervical diagnosticada por ultrasonido prenatal. La cesárea fue realizada con el procedimiento EXIT para posibilitar el acceso seguro a las vías aéreas. Después de la histerotomía, el feto fue intubado bajo laringoscopia directa. Fue transferido inmediatamente a otra sala de cirugía, donde se le hizo la resección del tumor cervical y la traqueostomía, ambos con éxito. Mujer de 27 años, G3P1A1, edad gestacional de 32 semanas, cuyo feto tenía un diagnostico prenatal de gran tumor en la región oral. El tumor obstruía las vías aéreas del feto y fue programada la traqueostomía con técnica EXIT. Sin embargo, se pudo intubar al recién nacido bajo laringoscopia directa, siendo entonces sometido a la resección del tumor y derivado a la UCI neonatal. CONCLUSIONES: Los relatos describen el uso exitoso de la anestesia general con el isoflurano para la realización de la cesárea seguida de procedimiento EXIT en fetos con tumores obstruyendo las vías aéreas.

Linfangioma abdominal: caso clínico / Abdominal lymphangioma: clinical case

Abdominal lymphangioma is a rare benign congenital malformation of the mesenteric and/or retroperitoneal lymphatics, more frequent in pediatrics. Objective: To report a case with unusual clinical presentation of lymphangioma. Clinical Case: A two-year old boy previously health who presented with abdominal pain, lipothymia, and generalized pallor ensuing an abdominal massage. Abnormal findings included an abdominal mass and Ht of 17.3 percent. Sonogram showed a large retroperitoneal mass with anechogenic areas and vasculari-zed septi. CT scans showed similar results. Surgical removal and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Discusion: Abdominal lymphangioma is uncommon in children, presentation varies from asymptomatic to acute abdomen. Images are essential in diagnosis and pre-op studies.

El linfangioma abdominal es una patología poco frecuente, benigna que corresponde a una malformación congénita del desarrollo linfático mesentérico y/o retroperitoneal. Es más frecuente en población infantil. Objetivo: Reportar un caso con presentación atípica de linfangioma. Caso clínico: Paciente de 2 años varón, previamente sano, que se presenta con dolor abdominal, luego lipotimia y palidez generalizada tras recibir un masaje abdominal. Al examen físico se encontró una masa abdominal, sin hepatomegalia, esplenomegalia ni adenopatías palpables. Presentaba un hematocrito de 17,3 por ciento. La Ecografía mostró una gran masa retrope-ritoneal con áreas anecogénicas y septos vascularizados. La TAC mostró hallazgos similares: masa quísti-ca, lobulada probablemente determinada por linfangioma abdominal. Se realizó extirpación quirúrgica y la biopsia confirma el diagnóstico. Discusión: El linfangioma abdominal es una patología infrecuente en niños. La presentación clínica es variable, puede ser desde asintomático hasta presentarse con abdomen agudo. Se requiere estudio imagenológico para su evaluación preoperatoria. La ecografía y TAC tienen un importante rol diagnóstico, en localización, tamaño, anatomía circundante y posibles complicaciones.

Linfangioma axilar: presentación de un caso / Axillary lymphangioma: case report

Los linfangiomas son dilataciones de linfáticos, conformando quistes dentro de los tejidos blandos. Incidencia de 1/6000 recién nacidos vivos. El 75% se desarrollan en el cuello, el resto en la axila. Su desarrollo varía según su localización. De cualquier forma, lleva a la falta de drenaje de la linfa, produciendo estasis, dilatación y masas quísticas de tamaños variables. El aspecto típico es una masa líquida asimétrica, multitabicada y de paredes delgadas. Con Doppler no se demuestra flujo arterial ni venoso. Se debe realizar un scan detallado fetal, cariotipo y ecocardiografía en todos los casos, principalmente en aquellos de ubicación cervical. No existe consenso sobre la evaluación de la salud fetal. En general en los de ubicación axilar y otras localizaciones que no sean cervicales, el pronóstico es bueno, empeora en el caso de cariotipo anormal, ascitis, derrame pleural o hidrops. El tratamiento puede ser expectante o resección quirúrgica.

Higroma cístico de face com involução após infecção local / Involution of a cystic hygroma of the face following local infection

Relatamos um caso de higroma cístico na face de uma criança de quatro meses de idade. Havia história de aumento de volume congênito na hemiface direita que involuiu consideravelmente após sinais de infecção. O higroma cístico ou linfangioma é uma malformação congênita rara do sistema linfático, presente ao nascimento em 50 por cento dos casos. Localiza-se preferencialmente na região cervical e na face. Geralmente evolui com crescimento lento e progressivo, podendo comprimir e infiltrar estruturas adjacentes. Sua regressão espontânea ocorre em apenas 6 por cento dos casos.

This report describes the case of a cystic hygroma on the face of a four-month old child. There was a history of congenital swelling of the right hemiface that decreased considerably following signs of infection. The cystic hygroma or lymphangioma is a rare congenital malformation of the lymphatic system that is present at birth in 50 percent of cases. It is usually located on the neck or face. It generally grows slowly and progressively and may compress and infiltrate adjacent structures. Its spontaneous regression occurs in only 6 percent of cases.

Clinical Aspects of Intraabdominal Cystic Lymphangioma in Korea / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cystic lymphangioma is an uncommon disease, and rarely develops in the intraabdomen. The aim of this article was to discuss about clinical characteristics of intraabdominal cystic lymphangioma developed in Korea. METHODS: Age, sex, symptoms, locations and size of the lesions, diagnostic methods, treatments, complications and recurrence were analyzed in 13 pathologically confirmed cases of intraabdominal cystic lymphangioma and 18 cases of literature consideration reported in Korea. RESULTS: Intraabdominal cystic lymphangioma commonly developed in adults compared to the other lymphangioma, and frequently located in the mesentery. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom, but it was a non-specific finding. Tenderness and abdominal mass were not significantly associated. The size of mass was diverse. Abdominal ultrasonography and abdominal CT were diagnostic tools most commonly used, but preoperative diagnosis was possible only in 22.6%. All patients were discharged without any complications, and no recurrence was reported. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative diagnosis of intraabdominal cystic lymphangioma is difficult and symptoms and signs are not specific. Intra-abdominal cystic lymphangioma should be suspected in patients with non specific abdominal pain and intraabdominal mass and active diagnostic evaluation is mandatory.

Linfangioma cervical quístico de glándula submaxilar: reporte de un caso clínico / Cystic cervical lymphangioma of submaxillary gland

Los linfangiomas se encuentran com mayor frecuencia en el triángulo posterior del cuello y axila en los niños. El 50 por ciento de los linfangiomas quísticos están presentes al nacer y el 90 por ciento son evidentes a los 2 años de edad. Existen en la literatura algunos reportes de casos de higromas quísticos desarrollados en la edad adulta. A menudo estas lesiones crecen rápidamente, secundarias a una infección respiratoria alta, infiltrando estructuras vitales. Estos cambios pueden conducir a la disfagia, disnea y peligro de vida por la obstrucción de las vías respiratorias. La completa escisión quirúrgica es el tratamiento de elección y ofrece las mejores posibilidades de curación.

Linfangioma esplénico gigante: Caso clínico / Gigantic cystic splenic lymphangioma: Report of one case

Splenic lymphangiomas are benign primary simple or multiple tumors. They are incidentally diagnosed in children and people younger than 20 year-old. We report a 26-year-old female presenting with a history of five months of abdominal pain localized over the left upper hemi abdomen. A computed tomographic abdominal scan demonstrated a cystic tumor of 16 cm diameter originating from the spleen. Hydatic serology was negative and all blood tests were normal. At surgery, a spienic cyst was found and almost all the cystic wall was excised, leaving only a small portion attached to the spleen. The pathological report described spienic parenchyma with endothelial lining over the internal side of the cyst. Immunohystochemical stains of the endothelial cells were positive for VIII Factor and D2-40 that are specific for lymphatic endothelium, yielding the final diagnosis of a cystic spienic lymphangioma.

Avaliação de linfangiomas cervicais fetais por ressonância magnética e correlação com achados ultrassonográficos / Evaluation of fetal cervical lymphangioma by magnetic resonance imaging and correlation with sonographic findings

OBJETIVO: Avaliar três casos de linfangioma cervical por ressonância magnética e correlacionar com os achados da ultrassonografia. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Três pacientes com idade gestacional entre 24 e 35 semanas, com suspeita de higromas císticos cervicais fetais na ultrassonografia obstétrica de rotina, foram submetidas a ressonância magnética e, posteriormente, a nova ultrassonografia para correlação dos achados. Em ambos os métodos de imagem foram avaliadas as dimensões, a localização, o conteúdo e a extensão das lesões. RESULTADOS: Tanto a ultrassonografia quanto a ressonância magnética avaliaram de modo semelhante a localização, o tamanho e o conteúdo dos tumores. As três lesões localizavam-se na região cervical posterior e lateral. Quanto ao conteúdo, duas eram predominantemente císticas com finos septos em seu interior e uma era heterogênea. A extensão e invasão das estruturas adjacentes foram mais bem caracterizadas na ressonância magnética do que na ultrassonografia, demonstrando de forma adequada o acometimento do pavilhão auditivo do feto em um caso e do mediastino superior em outro. CONCLUSÃO: A ressonância magnética fetal pode ser um complemento útil da ultrassonografia em fetos portadores de linfangiomas, avaliando de forma mais precisa a extensão e invasão de estruturas vizinhas, permitindo melhor planejamento cirúrgico pós-natal.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate three cases of cervical lymphangioma with magnetic resonance imaging and correlating with sonographic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three pregnant women between the 24th and 35th gestational weeks, with sonographic findings suggestive of fetal cystic hygroma, were submitted to magnetic resonance and subsequently to a new ultrasonography for correlation of imaging findings. Tumors size, location, content and extent were evaluated both at magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography. RESULTS: Findings regarding tumor location, size and content were similar for both methods. All the lesions were found in the posterior and lateral cervical space. As regards the tumors content, two of the lesions were predominantly cystic, with thin septations, and the other was heterogeneous. Lesions extent and adjacent structures invasion were better characterized by magnetic resonance imaging, with appropriate demonstration of invasion of the pinna in one case and invasion of the superior mediastinum in another. CONCLUSION: Fetal magnetic resonance imaging can be a useful adjuvant to obstetric ultrasonography in cases of lymphangioma because of its higher accuracy in the determination of these tumors extent and adjacent structures invasion, allowing a better postnatal surgical planning.

Cystic hygroma in an adult; a case report

Lymphangioma is a benign infiltrative malformation of the lymphatic channels. Cystic lymphangioma or cystic hygroma is a subtype of lymphangioma which exhibits large macroscopic cystic space histologically. The cause of cystic hygroma is believed to be developmental defect or primary Multilocular cystic malformation of dilated lymphatic channels. Cystic hygroma is a common and distinct entity that is not manifested in the oral cavity but occurs in the neck as a large, deep diffuse swelling. They are usually found in the posterior triangle of the neck. They often cross the midline, reaching axilla and mediastinum. Such localization verifies the complexity and extent of the lymphatic system in the cervical region when compared to other regions of the body. The five main locations where cystic hygroma can occur are, cervical [75-90%], axillary [20%], inguinal, retroperitoneal and thoracic. They usually appear as solitary lesions. They are usually infiltrative, often separating fascial planes and incorporating nerves, muscles, and blood vessels. They are fluctuant, freely mobile, compressible, painless and transilluminate well. The skin overlying the lesion is normal and usually there is no associated lymphadenopathy. Various treatment modalities have been tried. Surgery has been the main form of treatment, but total removal is not possible in all cases because of the extent of the lesion, which sometimes involves vital structures. We report a case of cystic hygroma in a young male patient

Higroma quístico / Cystic hygroma

En este caso clinico se realizó el control ultrasonográfico del embarazo de una paciente de 15 años, en el que se observó una masa líquida que era compatible con un higroma quístico. Se realizaron controles posteriores, donde se comprobó el crecimiento de la masa líquida, hasta constatar la muerte fetal en la semana 23. Se describen las principales características de esta malformación, y de su diagnóstico diferencial.